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Désireux de s’adjuger les pleins pouvoirs et de prolonger son mandat de trois ans, le chef de l’État nigérien, Mamadou Tandja, a dissous la Cour constitutionnelle lundi. Non sans susciter l’inquiétude de Bruxelles et de Paris.

REUTERS - La France s’est élevée avec vigueur mardi contre la dissolution de la Cour constitutionnelle du Niger par le président Mamadou Tandja, qui s’est adjugé les pleins pouvoirs dans la perspective d’un référendum qui pourrait lui permettre de prolonger son mandat de trois ans.

“Nous sommes inquiets de la décision du président Tandja de dissoudre la Cour constitutionnelle nigérienne, qui constitue un signal négatif pour la démocratie nigérienne et la stabilité du pays”, dit un communiqué du ministère français des Affaires étrangères.

“Cette décision (…) se situe en dehors du cadre constitutionnel”, souligne le Quai d’Orsay.

Le président Tandja, 71 ans, achève le 22 décembre un second mandat de cinq ans, sans possibilité de briguer sa réélection aux termes de la constitution en vigueur depuis 1999. Cette Loi interdit également toute modification de la durée du mandat.

Mais le chef de l’Etat a convoqué les électeurs aux urnes le 4 août pour qu’ils se prononcent par référendum sur une nouvelle constitution devant légaliser son maintien au pouvoir, alors même que la Cour constitutionnelle a jugé un tel scrutin contraire à la constitution.

Mamadou Tandja a limogé lundi les sept juges qui s’opposaient à son projet de référendum et suspendu à titre provisoire les compétences de la Cour en matière constitutionnelle et électorale. La haute juridiction est aussi temporairement privée de ses prérogatives de contrôle de la régularité et de la transparence des référendums et élections politiques.

La France, ancienne puissance de tutelle du Niger, en est l’un des principaux investisseurs. Le groupe français Areva s’est ainsi engagé à consacrer 1,2 milliard d’euros au développement de la mine d’uranium d’Imouraren.

“La France est très attachée au respect des acquis démocratiques et au maintien de la stabilité au Niger, et suit avec la plus grande attention l’évolution de la situation”, poursuit le Quai d’Orsay.

A Bruxelles, la Commission européenne a mis en garde Tandja contre les conséquences possibles de son projet sur l’aide européenne. “Les décisions de ces tout derniers jours soulèvent de graves questions sur les principales clauses de l’accord de Cotonou entre l’UE et le Niger”, a réagi le commissaire européen au Développement, Louis Michel.

Le président nigérien a remanié son gouvernement lundi, maintenant à son poste le Premier ministre Seini Oumarou et nommant huit nouvelles personnalités appartenant toutes à des organisations soutenant le projet de référendum constitutionnel.
Le projet a suscité des manifestations de l’opposition et des syndicats. Il a aussi été dénoncé par des institutions régionales comme la Communauté économique des Etats d’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO).

Niger’s police have arrested Marou Amadou, one of the strongest foes of President Mamadou Tandja’s bid to stay in power after his mandate expires, an associate said today.

  • Move to dissolve Niger top court
  • Niger ‘institutional coup’ fears
  • Niger parliament dissolved “Marou Amadou has indeed been arrested (on Monday night) and is being held by police,” said Hassoumi Djibo, an official in the Front for the Defence of Democracy (FDD), which opposes a constitutional referendum Tandja plans to hold. Amadou was Tandja’s first political foe to be detained in the landlocked and deeply poor nation on the southern edge of the Sahara. His colleagues in the FDD on Tuesday demanded his release. Amadou was accused of conspiracy against the authority of the state, alleged incitement of disobedience of the security forces and bids to demoralise the military, according to the FDD. He leads the United Front for Safeguarding Democracy, which is a part of the FDD coalition. Also on Monday night, Tandja dissolved the Constitutional Court by decree, after assuming emergency powers on Friday in the face of opposition to his plan for a referendum to amend the constitution and allow him to run for a third five-year term. The president’s mandate expires in December and a presidential election is due in November. The Constitutional Court sought to prevent Tandja from staging a referendum, which has also aroused widespread hostility in political circles, among the trade unions and in civil society. The FDD has called for a nationwide general strike on Wednesday to protest at the president’s plans, which have already brought his foes out on to the streets and led to defections by former political allies that forced him to reshuffle his government on Monday. The front has also announced a rally and a march in Niamey on July 4. The president said he was claiming emergency powers “because the independence of the country is threatened”.
  • NIAMEY (AFP) — President Mamadou Tandja’s bid to cling to power went a step further after he scrapped Niger’s constitutional court about a month after he dissolved a parliament that had challenged him.

    Tandja, a 71-year-old retired army colonel whose legal tenure expires in December, is fighting to retain the country’s top job through a controversial constitutional change, which has met stiff political and legal resistance.

    The country’s highest court three times ruled against his plans to change the basic law to let him seek a third term five-year in office.

    But on Monday night he issued a decree dissolving the constitutional court, just days after he assumed emergency powers to allow him to rule by decree in the face of growing opposition to his plan for a referendum to amend the constitution which stipulates a two-term presidential term limit.

    He claims he took that decision on Friday because the independence of the arid and landlocked west African nation was under threat.

    The court became the first victim of the emergency powers that allow Tandja virtually single-handedly to rule the uranium-rich but deeply poor and largely arid country of 15 million people on the southern edge of the Sahara desert.

    The Democratic and Social Convention (CDS), Tandja’s main backers during the past decade, when Niger enjoyed unprecedented stability since its independence from France in 1960, pulled out of government in a rebellion last week.

    But it did not take him long to replace the seven ministers from the CDS with his faithfuls.

    The opposition Front for the Defence of Democracy (FDD) coalition sees Tandja’s actions as akin to a “coup”. On Tuesday, ahead of a nationwide strike planned for Wednesday, the FDD spoke of the country being a “state of emergency”.

    Its spokesman Marou Amadou, one of the strongest foes of Tandja’s bid for a third term, was arrested Monday night, becoming the first political enemy to be detained.

    His colleagues in the FDD on Tuesday demanded his release. They said he was accused of conspiracy against the authority of the state, alleged incitement of disobedience of the security forces and bids to demoralise the military.

    The former colonial ruler France on Tuesday finally broke its silence on the simmering crisis in Niger and condemned the dissolution of the constitutional court as illegitimate.

    The dissolution of the court “constitutes a negative signal for democracy and the stability of the country,” the French foreign affairs ministry said in a statement.

    The regional bloc, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), has threatened Niger with sanctions or suspension if Tandja goes ahead with the referendum.

    African Union heads of states meet on Wednesday in the Libyan seaside city of Sirte, where Niger was mentioned Tuesday by AU commission chief Jean Ping as one of the “extremely worrying” African hotspots likely to come up for discussion.

    What remains unknown for now is the ultimate action of the military in a country with a past history of military take-overs. But on Monday night the military issued a statement restating its neutrality and urging the political protagonists to dialogue and healing.

    The president’s mandate expires in December and a presidential election is due in November, but he is trying to push for a referendum ahead of that date so that he can run.

    Tandja dissolves constitutional court

    * Appoints eight new pro-referendum ministers

    * Radio station taken off air

    (Releads with dissolution of court, adds army reaction)

    By Abdoulaye Massalatchi

    NIAMEY, June 29 (Reuters) - Niger’s president dissolved the constitutional court on Monday, hours after he appointed eight new ministers from parties that back his plan for a referendum on extending his stay in office.

    The court said this month that President Mamadou Tandja’s scheme was unlawful, but the president of the uranium-exporting West African country has vowed to press ahead anyway.

    Tandja was due to step down when his term ends later this year, but he wants a referendum on Aug. 4 on whether he should be able to lead Niger for at least three more years.

    The referendum plan has raised concerns among regional political bodies and Western donors, who fear it is a sign of back-sliding on democracy. It has also brought protests by unions and the opposition at home.

    Niger’s armed forces said on Monday they would remain independent, after the anti-referendum coalition called upon them at the weekend to disobey orders.

    “The Nigerien armed forces will not serve partisan interests,” defence ministry spokesman Colonel Goukoye Abdoulkarim said on state radio. “They ask the different actors to exclude them from politics once and for all.”

    Tension rose when Tandja announced on Friday he would rule by decree after Niger’s highest court again told him the referendum would be illegal.

    The eight ministers who joined the 33-member cabinet on Monday replace those from Tandja’s former ally, the Democratic and Social Convention party, which walked out of his government last week in protest over the referendum.

    The new ministers all belong to parties that back the vote.

    In a sign of a tougher government stand, a private radio station was taken off air on Monday after broadcasting an opposition statement. Tandja’s foes demand that he step down and have called on security forces to disobey his orders.

    The landlocked former French colony of 15 million people is one of the world’s poorest countries.

    Tandja says he needs the time to introduce a fully presidential system of government that will give the president more power and end current blockages in governance.

    He also says people want him to complete large infrastructure projects, including a hydro-electric dam, an oil refinery and a uranium mine that will make Niger the world’s second biggest producer of the nuclear fuel. (Editing by Daniel Magnowski and Richard Meares)

    Le président nigérien, Mamadou Tandja, a procédé, lundi 29 juin, à un remaniement de son gouvernement et limogé les sept juges de la Cour constitutionnelle, qui s’opposaient à son projet de référendum constitutionnel. Il s’agit des premières mesures du chef de l’Etat depuis qu’il s’est adjugé les pleins pouvoirs, vendredi dernier, après le refus de la Cour constitutionnelle d’avaliser son projet de consultation sur une nouvelle Constitution devant lui permettre de rester au pouvoir trois années supplémentaires.

    Dans un communiqué diffusé par la radio nationale, le gouvernement précise que Tandja a également suspendu à titre provisoire les compétences de la Cour en matière constitutionnelle et électorale. De même, la haute juridiction se voit temporairement privée de ses prérogatives de contrôle de la régularité et de la transparence des référendums et élections politiques.

    Un peu plus tôt dans la journée, le président avait remanié le gouvernement, maintenant à son poste le premier ministre, Seini Oumarou, et nommant huit nouvelles personnalités appartenant toutes à des organisations soutenant le projet de référendum constitutionnel. Ces nouveaux entrants succèdent aux huit ministres issus de la Convention démocratique et sociale (CDS) qui ont démissionné la semaine dernière pour marquer leur opposition à cette consultation.

    Le président Tandja, âgé de 71 ans, achève le 22 décembre un second mandat de cinq ans, sans possibilité de briguer sa réélection aux termes de la Constitution en vigueur depuis 1999. Cette loi interdit également toute modification de la durée du mandat. Mais le chef de l’Etat a convoqué les électeurs aux urnes le 4 août pour qu’ils se prononcent sur son projet de référendum. Le 12 juin, la Cour constitutionnelle avait annulé son décret, jugeant le scrutin contraire à la Constitution.

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